ACSPO Global SST from AVHRR FRAC

The AVHRR FRAC SST data are produced from AVHRR/3s onboard Metop-A, -B and -C satellites using the NOAA Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) v2.80 enterprise system, described in (Ignatov et al., 2016). Currently, near-real time (NRT) L2P and  0.02° L3U (gridded uncollated) data for Metop-A, -B and -C is produced at STAR (with ~2 to 6hrs latency). The data are being archived at PO.DAAC, and also available at this Coast watch page as a 2 weeks rotated buffer.

The full-mission global AVHRR FRAC SST is produced from all three Metop First Generation satellites: A (2006-present), B (2012-present) and C (2018-present), using the ACSPO enterprise system. Historical reprocessing (Reanalysis-1, RAN1) starts at the beginning of each mission and continues into near-real time (NRT). The L2P+L3U version of FRAC RAN1 is being archived in PO.DAAC, the L3U subset of the FRAC RAN1 is also available at this Coast watch page.

The data are reported in 10min granule files in GHRSST Data Specifications v2 (GDS2) format, in swath projection (L2P) and 0.02° gridded L3U (U=uncollated), 144 granules per day, with a total data volume of 8GB/day for L2P and 0.4GB/day for L3U, respectively.

ACSPO retrievals are made in full AVHRR swath (~2,800 km). For data assimilation applications (such as production of L4 analyses, especially those that blend satellite and in situ data), correction for the Sensor-Specific Error Statistics (SSES; reported in ACSPO files; Petrenko et al., 2016) biases is strongly recommended.

In each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, up to 5km inland; note that in "invalid" pixels, defined as those with >5km inland, fill values are reported), the following layers are reported in both L2P and L3U: SSTs derived using multi-channel SST (MCSST; night) and Non-Linear SST (NLSST; day) algorithms (Petrenko et al., 2014); ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each pixel as part of l2p_flags; Petrenko et al., 2010); SSES bias and standard deviation (Petrenko et al., 2016); NCEP wind speed; and ACSPO SST minus reference (Canadian Met Centre L4 SST). For L2P, brightness temperatures (BTs) in 3.7, 11, and 12 µm bands are also reported, for those users interested in direct "radiance assimilation" (e.g., NOAA NCEP, NASA GMAO).

Only ACSM "confidently clear" pixels (equivalent to GDS2 "quality level"=5; also reported for each pixel) should be used. The ACSM also provides day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags. Note that users of ACSPO data have the flexibility to ignore the ACSM, derive their own clear-sky mask, and use BTs and SSTs in those pixels. They may also ignore ACSPO SST, and derive their own SSTs from the original BTs.

Both L2P and L3U SSTs are monitored and validated against in situ data iQuam (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in SQUAM (Dash et al., 2010) and ARMS (Ding et al., 2017) systems, and BTs are monitored in MICROS (Liang and Ignatov, 2011).