Copernicus

SAR Composite Arctic Imagery (normalized radar cross section)

jebidiah.jeffery — Tue, 13 Sep 2022 18:10:08 +0000

SAR Composite Arctic Imagery (normalized radar cross section)

The daily composite of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS) imagery covering the Arctic and sub-Arctic maritime regions over a period of one day are available at 1-km resolution. These high-resolution, weather- and time-agnostic measurements of surface backscatter contain detailed information tailored for sea ice classification purposes.

jebidiah.jeffery Tue, 09/13/2022 - 14:10

A composite for typical day contains around 200-400 individual scenes gathered from several C-Band SAR systems, including Sentinel-1A/B, RADARSAT-2, and RADARSAT Constellation Mission, which are calibrated with values given by the SAR data provider and are then projected and resampled onto a 1km polar stereographic grid. The files are produced in SAROPS (SAR Operational Product System) by the Water Surface Conditions/Sea Surface Roughness group within the NOAA STAR Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division.

For further details on the individual granules that make these composites and for links to the GeoTIFF versions of these files, please see the SAR NRCS page.

Data Courtesy of the Copernicus Program, RADARSAT Constellation Mission, and the Canadian Space Agency.

Short Names

NRCS Composites

Temporal Coverage

00:00Z-23:59Z (daily)

Product Families

Sea Surface Roughness

Synthetic Aperture Radar Marine Users Manual. Ed C.R Jackson and J.R. Apel: NOAA: Washington, DC, USA, 2004. ISBN 0-16-073214-X

Measurements

Normalized Radar Cross-Section

Processing Levels

Level 2

Level 4

Spatial Coverage

Arctic and Sub-Arctic Maritime

Latency Groups

24+ hours (Delayed)

Latency Details

Generated at 14Z the following day

Spatial Resolution Groups

100m < 2km

Spatial Resolution Details

1km

Platforms

Instruments

Data Providers

Copernicus

CSA

RCM

NOAA

STAR

Data Tool Links

CoastWatch Data Portal

Near Real-Time Search

Sample Filenames

Source filenames begin with satellite, data source, year, month, day, hour, minute, second, Julian seconds, center latitude, center longitude, polarization, delimited with an underscore NRCS: S1A_ESA_2016_12_07_18_18_57_0534449937_178.66E_51.85N_VV_C5_GFS05 CDF_nrcs_level2.[png,nc]

CoastWatch distributed composites: SAR_composite_2022070T0000_2022070T2359_NP06_1km_nrcs.[png,nc]

HTTPS

https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/data/pub0022/coastwatch/composite/nrcs/arctic/

THREDDS

https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/thredds/socd/coastwatch/catalog_composite_sar_nrcs_arctic_daily.html

ERDDAP

https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/erddap/search/index.html?page=1&itemsPerPage=1000&searchFor=noaacwSARnrcsnpoleDaily

Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery (NRCS)

jebidiah.jeffery — Thu, 17 Mar 2022 15:30:36 +0000

Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery (NRCS)

Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery maps the surface microwave radar reflectivity at resolutions from a sub-meter to 100 m depending on the particular SAR satellite and mode. Since a radar provides its own illumination, imagery is independent of the time of day. At typical radar frequencies, SARs can image through clouds, so SARs are considered "all-weather" instruments. Several geophysical parameters can be derived from SAR including sea surface wind speed.

jebidiah.jeffery Thu, 03/17/2022 - 11:30

Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery maps the surface microwave radar reflectivity at resolutions from a sub-meter to 100 m depending on the particular SAR satellite and mode. Since a radar provides its own illumination, imagery is independent of the time of day. At typical radar frequencies, SARs can image through clouds, so SARs are considered "all-weather" instruments. Several gephysical parameters can be derived from SAR including sea surface wind speed.

For side-scanning SARs, the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) of the surface is proportional to the surface roughness on the scale of the radar wave length (from 3 to 30 cm). Ocean surface roughness on this scale is dependent on the local wind speed and direction. The higher the wind speed the larger the NRCS of the surface. The highest NRCS occurs when the radar look direction and wind direction are aligned and smallest when the radar looks cross wind.

The relationship between wind speed and direction and radar cross section is called the "geophysical model function." These functions are generally empirically determined.

Although we can predict an expected NRCS value for a given wind speed and direction, the reverse is not true. A specific NRCS value can be associated with many pairs of wind speed and direction. If we know the wind direction a priori, we can infer the wind speed.

For the operational SAR-derived wind speed products, we use the model directions from NOAA’s Global Forecast System (GFS) model on a 0.5 degree, latitude-longitude grid to initiate the retrievals. The wind speed retrievals are provided at 500 m resolution. These retrievals agree with independent wind speed estimates to better than 2 m/s.

Current users of these data include the US National Ice Center, the Alaska Weather Service, and the Naval Oceanographic Office.

A good review of SAR operational wind speed retrieval can be found at: http://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/26-2_monaldo.pdf

Product Families

Sea Surface Roughness

Monaldo, F.M., C.R. Jackson, and W.G. Pichel. 2013. Seasat to RADARSAT-2: Research to operations. Oceanography 26(2):34–45, http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.29
SAR Marine User Manual (2004) Christopher Jackson and John Apel, Editors

Measurements

Normalized Radar Cross-Section

Sea Surface Wind Speed

Processing Levels

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Spatial Coverage

Selective Acquisitions

Latency Groups

0 Hours <= 24 Hours (NRT)

Spatial Resolution Groups

0 m <= 100 m

100m < 2km

Spatial Resolution Details

NRCS: Variable, 0-10 m
Winds: 500 m

Platforms

Instruments

Processing Algorithms

SAROPS

Data Providers

Copernicus

CSA

NOAA

NESDIS

OSPO

STAR

Data Tool Links

CoastWatch Tools

CoastWatch Data Portal (select Spatial Search)

Data files: https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/data/pub0022/coastwatch/

Northern & Southern Hemisphere Products

NRCS Search Tool

XPOL Search Tool

Other Search Tools

RadarSat-2 + RCM SAR Winds Search Tool (MECB)

Sentinel-1 SAR Winds Search Tool (MECB)

RadarSat-2 + Sentinel-1 SAR Winds Search Tool (OSPO) [Formally Operational]

Sample Filenames

Filenames begin with satellite, data source, year, month, day, hour, minute, second, Julian seconds, center latitude, center longitude, polarization, delimited with an underscore NRCS: S1A_ESA_2016_12_07_18_18_57_0534449937_178.66E_51.85N_VV_C5_GFS05 CDF_nrcs_level2.png
Wind: S1A_ESA_2016_12_07_18_18_57_0534449937_178.66E_51.85N_VV_C5_GFS05 CDF_wind_level3.png

Ocean Color - Near Real Time - OLCI Sentinel-3A and 3B Global Coverage

jebidiah.jeffery — Thu, 17 Mar 2022 14:28:58 +0000

Ocean Color - Near Real Time - OLCI Sentinel-3A and 3B Global Coverage

OLCI Sentinel-3A and 3B global coverage ocean color including visible remote sensing reflectances and derived parameters such as chlorophyll-a concentration and light attenuation coefficients.

jebidiah.jeffery Thu, 03/17/2022 - 10:28

The Sentinels are a suite of satellite missions developed to serve the operational needs of the European Copernicus program for Earth observations. NOAA CoastWatch/OceanWatch provides Sentinel data to US users through official arrangements with ESA, EUMETSAT and the European Commission.

Sentinel-3 is a multi-instrument mission to measure sea- and land-surface temperature, ocean and land color and sea-surface topography. Sentinel-3A was launched on 16 February 2016. Sentinel 3B launched on 25 April 2018 with the same suite of instruments.

The Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) is based on heritage from Envisat’s Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) to measure visible and thermal infrared radiances with which to generate true color, ocean color radiances and derived products such as chlorophyll, total suspended matter (TSM), diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (Kd(490)), absorption at 443 nm (a(443), and normalized fluorescence line height (nflh). OLCI has 21 bands at wavelengths from 400 nm to 1020 nm (400, 412, 442, 490, 510, 560, 620, 665, 674, 681, 709, 754, 779, 865, 885, 1024 nm), a spatial resolution of ~300 m (at nadir) and a swath width of 1270 km.

CoastWatch distributes EUMETSAT native products (L2) also generates and serves mapped and composited products (L3) for US Coastal regions ("CONUS") and global sectors. Global sectors are "hi-res" 300 m 216 sectors (AA through RL, Figure 1) and "VIIRS-res" 750 m 24 sectors which match VIIRS ocean color (Figure 2). See the data access tab for product lisitings and links.

Figure 1. CoastWatch hi-res OLCI Sentinel-3 sector coordinate map

Figure 2. CoastWatch VIIRS-res sector coordinate map

See the ESA Sentinel-3 website for more information: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-3/Introducing_Sentinel-3

OLCI Level 1b (e.g., true color) and ocean color Level 2 data (e.g., radiances, chlorophyll, etc.) are generated by EUMETSAT (https://www.eumetsat.int/sentinel-3) and served by CoastWatch.

See the EUMETSAT ocean data product pages for more information and links to specific documents: https://www.eumetsat.int/sentinel-3

Short Names

OLCI Ocean Color

Temporal Start Date

October 20, 2016

Product Families

Ocean Color

Measurements

Chlorophyll-a Concentration

Diffuse Attenuation Coefficients

Remote Sensing Reflectance

Processing Levels

Level 2

Level 3

Spatial Coverage

Global

CoastWatch US Regions

Latency Groups

0 Hours <= 24 Hours (NRT)

Latency Details

8 hours

Spatial Resolution Groups

100m < 2km

Spatial Resolution Details

300 m

Platforms

Sentinel-3

Instruments

OLCI

Processing Algorithms

OC4Me

Data Providers

Copernicus

NOAA

NESDIS

STAR

CoastWatch

Data Tool Links

CoastWatch Data Portal:

CoastWatch Granule Selector Tool

OLCI L1/L2

CoastWatch Data Search

L2 Data

CoastWatch Near Real-Time Search

Sample Filenames

S3A_OL_1_EFR____20160831T093739_20160831T094039_20160831T114446_*.SEN3.tar
S3A_OL_2_WFR____20170823T154032_20170823T154332_20170823T174158_0179_021_225_2520_MAR_O_NR_002.SEN3.tar
OLCQCW_I2017234_160343_FL03_closest_[chlora,kd490,...].hdf

HTTPS

CoastWatch Global Level-3 chlorophyll, Kd490, and nLw:

Sentinel-3A:

https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/data/pub0017/coastwatch/products/olci/s3a/global/chlora/daily/WW00

https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/data/pub0017/coastwatch/products/olci/s3a/global/kd/daily/WW00

https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/data/pub0017/coastwatch/products/olci/s3a/global/nlw/daily/WW00

Sentinel-3B:

https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/data/pub0017/coastwatch/products/olci/s3b/global/chlora/daily/WW00

https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/data/pub0017/coastwatch/products/olci/s3b/global/kd/daily/WW00

https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/data/pub0017/coastwatch/products/olci/s3b/global/nlw/daily/WW00

THREDDS

Link for OLCI Sentinel 3A and Sentinel 3B near real time, global, ocean color (from EUMETSAT native L2)

Top Level Catalog

Sentinel 3A

Hi-res (300 m) global sectors mapped daily merge (216 sectors, AA through RL; see hi-res 300m OLCI sector map )

Chlorophyll
Kd 490
Rrs (400 nm, 412 nm, 442 nm, 490 nm, 510 nm, 560 nm, 620 nm, 665 nm, 674 nm, 681 nm, 709 nm, 754 nm, 779 nm)

VIIRS-res (750 m) global sectors mapped daily merge (24 sectors to match VIIRS sectors; see 750m OLCI sector map )

Chlorophyll
Kd 490
Rrs (400 nm, 412 nm, 442 nm, 490 nm, 510 nm, 560 nm, 620 nm, 665 nm, 674 nm, 681 nm, 709 nm, 754 nm, 779 nm)

Global 4 km mapped daily merge (1 file per day)

Chlorophyll
Kd 490
Rrs (400 nm, 412 nm, 442 nm, 490 nm, 510 nm, 560 nm, 620 nm, 665 nm, 674 nm, 681 nm, 709 nm, 754 nm, 779 nm)

Sentinel 3B

Hi-res (300 m) global sectors mapped daily merge (216 sectors, AA through RL; see hi-res 300m OLCI sector map )

Chlorophyll
Kd 490
Rrs (400 nm, 412 nm, 442 nm, 490 nm, 510 nm, 560 nm, 620 nm, 665 nm, 674 nm, 681 nm, 709 nm, 754 nm, 779 nm)

VIIRS-res (750 m) global sectors mapped daily merge (24 sectors to match VIIRS sectors; see 750m OLCI sector map)

Chlorophyll
Kd 490
Rrs (400 nm, 412 nm, 442 nm, 490 nm, 510 nm, 560 nm, 620 nm, 665 nm, 674 nm, 681 nm, 709 nm, 754 nm, 779 nm)

Global 4 km mapped daily merge (1 file per day)

Chlorophyll
Kd 490
Rrs (400 nm, 412 nm, 442 nm, 490 nm, 510 nm, 560 nm, 620 nm, 665 nm, 674 nm, 681 nm, 709 nm, 754 nm, 779 nm)

S-3A/B OLCI Sector maps of 300m and 750m sectors:

Select a sector and the corresponding THREDDS links will display below the 300m sector map.

ERDDAP

S-3A and S-3B OLCI mapped to 750m Sectors:

Chlorophyll-a

MSI Sentinel-2 Imagery

jebidiah.jeffery — Wed, 16 Mar 2022 18:15:21 +0000

MSI Sentinel-2 Imagery

MSI Sentinel-2 high spatial resolution imagery and data from Copernicus are served from CoastWatch for coastal US regions in near real time as the data become available. JPEG and TIF images as well as zipped Level 1C data are available.

jebidiah.jeffery Wed, 03/16/2022 - 14:15

Product Families

True Color Imagery

Measurements

True Color Imagery (RGB)

Processing Levels

Level 1

Spatial Coverage

Selective Acquisitions

Latency Groups

0 Hours <= 24 Hours (NRT)

Spatial Resolution Groups

0 m <= 100 m

Spatial Resolution Details

290 km swath with 13 spectral channels incorporating four visible and near-infrared bands at 10 m resolution, six red-edge/shortwave-infrared bands at 20 m and three atmospheric correction bands at 60 m

Platforms

Sentinel-2

Instruments

MSI

Data Providers

Copernicus

ESA

Data Tool Links

CoastWatch Granule Selector Tool

Choose MSI Sentinel-2 and use the calendar to "apply" dates of interest, then click in the green square(s) of interest. You can build a data cart to generate a download list.

Sample Filenames

S2A_20181003_T15RVH_PVI.jpg
S2A_20181003_T15RVH.tif
S2B_MSIL1C_20181003T160509_N0206_R054_T17RNL_20181003T205947.zip

True Color OLCI Sentinel-3A/B

jebidiah.jeffery — Thu, 16 Dec 2021 15:47:25 +0000

True Color OLCI Sentinel-3A/B

OLCI true color products are generated from atmospheric corrected rho_s bands. Data are available in mapped 300m regions in near real-time CoastWatch HDF format and are compatible with the CoastWatch Utilities.

jebidiah.jeffery Thu, 12/16/2021 - 10:47

Sentinel-3 is a multi-instrument mission to measure sea- and land-surface temperature, ocean and land color and sea-surface topography. Sentinel-3A was launched on 16 February 2016. Sentinel 3B was launched successfully on 25 April 2018 with the same instruments.

The Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) is based on heritage from Envisat’s Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS to measure visible and thermal infrared radiances, i.e., true color, ocean color and derived parameters such as chlorophyll, total suspended matter (TSM), diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (Kd(490)), absorption at 443 nm (a(443). OLCI has 21 bands at wavelengths from 400 nm to 1020 nm (400, 412, 442, 490, 510, 560, 620, 665, 674, 681, 709, 754, 779, 865, 885, 1024 nm), a spatial resolution of 300 m and a swath width of 1270 km.

See the ESA Sentinel-3 or EUMETSAT websites for more information: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-3/Introducing_Sentinel-3 or https://www.eumetsat.int/sentinel-3

OLCI Level 1b (e.g., true color) and ocean color Level 2 data (e.g., radiances, chlorophyll, etc.) are generated by EUMETSAT (https://www.eumetsat.int/sentinel-3) and served by CoastWatch. CoastWatch also generates L3 mapped products for US Coastal regions.

latitude	degrees
longitude	degrees
rhos_490
rhos_560
rhos_620
graphics

See the EUMETSAT ocean data product pages for more information and links to specific documents: https://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/Data/Products/Ocean/index.html

Short Names

OLCI True Color

Temporal Start Date

October 20, 2016

Temporal Coverage

Near real-time data beginning:
Level-1 released 20 October 2016

Product Families

True Color Imagery

Measurements

True Color Imagery (RGB)

Processing Levels

Level 1

Level 3

Spatial Coverage

Global

CoastWatch US Regions

Latency Groups

0 Hours <= 24 Hours (NRT)

Latency Details

8 hours

Spatial Resolution Groups

100m < 2km

Spatial Resolution Details

300 m

Platforms

Sentinel-3

Instruments

OLCI

Data Providers

Copernicus

NOAA

NESDIS

STAR

CoastWatch

Data Tool Links

CoastWatch Near Real-time Search

CoastWatch Granule Selector Tool (L2 unmapped)

Sample Filenames

S3A_OL_1_EFR____20160831T093739_20160831T094039_20160831T114446_*.SEN3.tar
OLCLCW.I2017158.153647.true300.hdf
OLCKCW_I2021195_C1_181844_CC05_closest_true300.hdf

True Color VIIRS S-NPP/NOAA-20

jebidiah.jeffery — Thu, 18 Nov 2021 16:58:14 +0000

True Color VIIRS S-NPP/NOAA-20

True color bands are provided from VIIRS on both S-NPP and NOAA-20 VIIRS spacecraft. These top-of-atmosphere products are generated from the emissive bands (M-bands) for wavelengths corresponding to Red, Green, and Blue and are provided in CoastWatch HDF and PNG daily composite mapped regions

jebidiah.jeffery Thu, 11/18/2021 - 11:58

File variable contents include the following and are compatible with the CoastWatch Utilities: